Establishment of a novel co-cultured liver cancer model based on tumor microenvironment / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To construct a new co-cultured liver cancer research model composed of activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSC) and liver cancer cells, explore the efficacy difference between it and traditional model, so as to establish a liver cancer research model in vitro and in vivo that can reflect the real clinical efficacy. Methods: A new co-culture model of liver cancer consisting of aHSC and liver cancer cells was constructed. The differences in efficacy between the new co-culture model and the traditional single cell model were compared by cytotoxicity test, cell migration test, drug retention test and in vivo tumor inhibition test. Western blot was used to detect the drug-resistant protein P-gp and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins. Masson staining was used to observe the deposition of collagen fibers in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice. CD31 immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the microvessel density in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice. Results: The cytotoxicity of single cell model and co-culture model was dose-dependent. With the increase of curcumin (CUR) concentration, the cell viability decreased, but the cell viability of single cell model decreased faster than that of co-culture model. When the concentration of CUR was 10 μg/ml, the cell viability of the co-culture model was 62.3% and the migration rate was (28.05±3.68)%, which were higher than those of the single cell model [38.5% and (14.91±5.92)%, both P<0.05]. Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of P-gp and vimentin were up-regulated in the co-culture model, which were 1.55 and 2.04 fold changes of the single cell model, respectively. The expression of E-cadherin was down-regulated, and the expression level of E-cadherin in the single cell model was 1.17 fold changes of the co-culture model. Drug retention experiment showed that the co-culture model could promote drug efflux and reduce drug retention. In vivo tumor inhibition experiment showed that the m-HSC+ H22 co-transplantation model had faster tumor growth and larger tumor volume than those of the H22 single cell transplantation model. After CUR treatment, the tumor growths of m-HSC+ H22 co-transplantation model and H22 single cell transplantation model were inhibited. Masson staining showed that the deposition of collagen fibers in tumor tissues of m-HSC+ H22 co-transplantation model mice was more than that of H22 single cell transplantation model. CD31 immunohistochemical staining showed that the microvessel density in tumor tissue of m-HSC+ H22 co-transplantation model was higher than that of H22 single cell transplantation model. Conclusions: The aHSC+ liver cancer cell co-culture model has strong proliferation and metastasis ability and is easy to be resistant to drugs. It is a new type of liver cancer treatment research model superior to the traditional single cell model.

Effects of Virtual Reality on Balance for Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) on comprehensive balance for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods:The databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, VIP, Wanfang Data and CNKI were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials about VR intervention for PD patients, from establishment to November, 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the literature, and then used Review Manager 5.3 software for meta-analysis. Results:A total of 24 documents were included. Compared with the control group, VR intervention might improve the static balance (SMD = -0.49, 95%CI -0.64 to -0.35, P < 0.001) of PD patients. Simple VR intervention might improve the Berg Balance Scale score (SMD = 0.83, 95%CI 0.43 to 1.23, P < 0.001) for PD patients, while combination of VR intervention might improve the Berg Balance Scale score (SMD = 0.75, 95%CI 0.53 to 0.96, P < 0.001) and Timed 'Up and Go' Test time (SMD = -0.87, 95%CI -1.52 to -0.22, P = 0.008) for PD patients; however, simple VR intervention might do little in improving Timed 'Up and Go' Test time (SMD = -0.36, 95%CI -0.74 to 0.03, P = 0.07). Conclusions:VR can improve the comprehensive balance for PD patients, especially combine with conventional or balance training.

Progress on application of central composite design-response surface methodology in optimization of preparations in China / 药学学报

Central composite design (CCD) is one of the most commonly used design methods in response surface optimization and has been widely applied in the field of pharmaceutics to optimize preparations. On the 20th anniversary of the introduction of CCD into China, the paper reviews its application in domestic pharmaceutical researches. Based on the brief introduction of basic principle and operation steps of CCD, the mistakes emerging in the application of CCD are summarized, including conceptual confusion with Box-Behnken design and face-centered CCD as well as wrong designs. Besides, the issues concerning the selection of factors and responses are discussed. The article is helpful for researchers to comprehensively understand the CCD and facilitates the rational application of this method.

Application of natural deep eutectic solvents in pharmaceutics / 药学学报

Natural deep eutectic solvent (NDES) is a kind of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) which is composed of natural substances with good biocompatibility. Those substances can function as hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, such as choline, amino acids, sugars, etc. NDES have been widely used in many fields due to their advantages of low cost, easy preparation and environmental friendliness. It is especially suitable for the pharmaceutical industry because of its good biocompatibility and safety for use. In this paper, we firstly review the molecular simulation methods for current design of DESs from the formation principle. And then, the materials and preparation of NDES are reviewed and the physicochemical properties are further described. Finally, we review the current application of NDES in pharmaceutics including increasing drug solubility, promoting drug permeability and enhancing oral drug absorption, and meanwhile their future applications in pharmaceutics were also prospected.

In vivo fate study of drug nanocarriers: the applications of environment-responsive fluorescent dyes / 药学学报

The in vivo fate is a crucial factor that governs the successful translation of nanoformulations. However, one of the current biggest challenges is with the real-time monitoring of the body of the nanoparticles themselves. Conventional radioactive or fluorescent probes give signals even after they are disassociated from the particle matrix, generating interference to bioimaging and leading to misjudgment of results. Environment-responsive fluorescent dyes are regarded as promising tools due to signal switching in response to the changes in the environment. Currently, there are three categories of dyes in bioimaging of nanoparticles based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). They have similar characteristics that strong fluorescence is emitted when they are embedded in the matrix of nanocarriers, whereas the fluorescence quenches upon release from the matrix due to dissociation of nanocarriers. The fluorescence switching reflects the existing status of the nanocarriers and therefore helps to interpret the in vivo behaviors. FRET and AIE probes have been widely used in elucidating the interactions between nanoparticles and cell models. However, they show intrinsic defects in studying in vivo fate of nanoparticles. ACQ-based dyes are sensitive to water, a universal factor in the biological environment. Therefore, with the help of bioimaging equipment, the in vivo trafficking process of nanoparticles can be unraveled. This review article tends to provide an overview on the rationale, pros and cons and applications of the three categories of environment-responsive fluorescent dyes in the investigation of the in vivo fate of nanocarriers.

Influence of different dose of atorvastatin on blood pressure ,blood lipids and vascular endothelial func‐tion in hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore influence of different dose of atorvastatin on blood pressure ,blood lipids and vascular en‐dothelial function in hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia .Methods :A total of 100 hypertensive patients with hyper‐lipidemia treated in our department of cardiology from Jan to Oct 2017 were randomly and equally divided into atorvastatin low dose group (atorvastatin 10mg／d) and high dose group (atorvastatin 20mg／d) ,both groups simultaneously received rou‐tine treatment for eight weeks .Another 50 healthy volunteers undergoing physical examination in our hospital were selected as healthy control group .Levels of blood pressure ,von Willebrand factor (vWF) etc.were measured and compared among three groups .Results :Compared with low dose group after eight‐week treatment ,there were significant reductions in levels of SBP [(147.33 ± 11.37) mmHg vs.(140.51 ± 10.85) mmHg] ,DBP [(96.35 ± 7.38) mmHg vs.(92.56 ± 6.83) mm‐Hg] ,TG [ (2.38 ± 0.59) mmol／L vs.(1.55 ± 0.46) mmol／L] ,TC [ (6.48 ± 0.58) mmol／L vs.(5.38 ± 0.52) mmol／L] ,LDL‐C [ (4.24 ± 0.41) mmol ／L vs.(3.26 ± 0.42) mmol／L] ,hsCRP [ (6.38 ± 1.53) mg／L vs.(5.05 ± 1.38) mg／L] , ET‐1 [ (80.78 ± 18.54) pg／ml比(73.22 ± 10.98) pg／ml] and significant rise in HDL‐C level [ (1.13 ± 0.27) mmol／L vs.(1.29 ± 0.25) mmol／L] in high dose group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. Conclusion :Different doses of atorvastatin possesses different therapeutic effect on hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia .Therapeutic effects lowering blood pres‐sure and blood lipids ,improving vascular endothelial function and reducing levels of inflammatory factors of 20mg atorvas‐tatin is significantly better than those of 10mg atorvastatin ,which is worth extending.

Comparison of diagnostic value of 1.5T nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and multi-slice spiral CT for subacromial impingement syndrome / 中国医学装备

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) for subacromial impingement syndrome(SIS).Methods: The clinical data of 60 patients with SIS were researched by using retrospective analysis. All of patients were detected by using MRI and CT, respectively. And the diagnosis value of the two methods were compared.Results: The differences of sensitivity and Youden index between MRI and MSCT were significant, respectively (x2=12.987,x2=12.987,P<0.05), and the diagnostic sensitivity of MRI was higher than that of MSCT. While the diagnostic specificities of the two method were 100％. The differences of detectable rate for Bigliani I and Bigliani II between MRI and MSCT were no significant (x2=2.492,x2=2.031, P>0.05), respectively. The detectable rate of MRI for Bigliani III was significantly higher than that of MSCT (x2=9.087, P<0.05).Conclusion: The diagnostic sensitivity of MRI for SIS is higher than that of MSCT, and the main reason is that MRI has higher resolution ratio for soft tissue. Besides, it has no radiation. Therefore, it is appropriate to the diagnosis of SIS.

Advances in etiological study of non-arterial inflammatory ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION) / 中华全科医师杂志

Non-arterial Inflammatory ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)is a common ocular disease in middle and old ages.Symptoms of optic nerve dysfunction in NAION are caused by cerebral ischemia,which leads to optic atrophy.Recent studies have focused on the early interventions targeting NAION′s risk factors to protect the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells.This article reviews recent progress in studies on the etiology and risk factors of NAION and potential therapies that may help to preserve optic nerve function in NAION.

Synthesis of Novel Hapten and Development of Monoclonal Antibody-based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Malachite Green in Fish Samples / 分析化学

To produce specific antibodies against malachite green ( MG) , one special hapten was synthesized and characterized, and conjugated to carrier protein as immunogen. The immunogen showed excellent reactogenicity and immunogenicity. One specific monoclonal antibody (mAb, named MG-DA4-C7) with high sensitivity and specificity for MG in indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay ( icELISA ) was screened. The isotype was IgG1 and the light chain was κ type. After optimization of ELISA conditions, the proposed icELISA showed a 50% inhibition value ( IC50 ) of 0. 96 μg/L, a linear range ( IC20-IC80 ) of 0. 1-8. 1 μg/L and a limit of detection ( LOD, IC10 ) of 0. 05 μg/L for determination of MG. The assay showed cross-reactivity of 18. 1%, 26. 5% with crystal violet and brilliant green, respectively, and negligible cross-reactivity with other metabolites of MG (<0 . 1%) . The average recoveries of MG from spiked fish samples were from 87. 3% to 107. 3%. Good correlation (R2=0. 999) was obtained between the results of icELISA and those of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The proposed icELISA is suitable for the determination of MG in fish samples in a simple and sensitive manner.

Correlation of bilirubin at the time of admission and the composite outcome in acute ischemic stroke dis?charged patient / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To explore the association of serum bilirubin level at the time of admission with the compos?ite outcome（disability or death）in discharged patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods In a retrospective cohortstudy from June 1st 2009 to May 31st 2012, we continuously included 3151 patients with acute ischemic stroke and col?lected demography,lifestyle,clinical manifestations and laboratory test data. Functional outcome was measured with themodified Rankin scale (mRS) when subjects were discharged. Disability was defined as mRS≥3 and composite outcomewas defined as mRS≥3 or death. Serum bilirubin was divided into four groups according to the quartile. Multiple Coxregression analysis was used to assess the independent relation between serum bilirubin and disability death and the com?posite outcome. Results There were 407 disabled patients，the disability rate was 12.9%；and 104 patients were dead，the fatality rate was 3.3%.After adjusting for multiple factors, we found the risks of composite outcome with total bilirubin in the four quartile were higher than that in the first quartile, aHR and 95%CI were 1.335(1.047～1.702) respectively；The risks of composite outcome with indirect bilirubin in the four quartile were higher than that in the first quartile, aHR and 95%CI were 1.355(1.062～1.728) respectively; The risks of composite outcome with bilirubin direct in the third and the forth quartile were higher than that in the first quartile, aHR and 95% CI were11.403(1.089～1.807)and 1.431 (1.118～1.833) respectively.With the increase of total bilirubin，indirect bilirubin and direct bilirubin level，the compos?ite outcome of discharged patient was on the increase. Conclusions The study indicated that higher serum bilirubincould increase the risk of composite outcome in ischemic stroke patients, there was dose-response relationship ,and bili?rubin was a independent risk factor.

Mesenchymal stem cells release membrane microparticles in the process of apoptosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

Though mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been clinically used to repair a variety of damaged tissues, the underlying mechanisms remain elusively as the majority of the ex vivo expanded MSC die shortly after transplantation. To explore the mechanism in which the death cells play tissue repair effect, apoptosis of rat bone marrow MSC was induced by culturing cells in the conditions of hypoxia or/and serum-free medium, and the subcellular structures in the supernatants were analyzed. The results showed that apoptosis occurred in the presence of either hypoxia or serum-free condition as well, and the apoptotic proportion reached up to (17.44 ± 2.15) after the cells were treated by hypoxia plus serum free culture for 72 hours. The flow cytometric analysis of the sub-cellular substances harvested by ultracentrifugation of the supernatants found that the MSC released substantial amount of membrane microparticles into the supernatants, which expressed CD29, CD44A and Annexin-V-binding phosphatidylserine. It is concluded that the MSC can release membrane microparticles after induction, the amount of these membrane microparticles was around 15-fold of the parent cell numbers. The membrane microparticles is the mediators in the cross-talk between the transplanted cells and their surrounding tissues. This study provides some novel information for the mechanisms of MSC therapy.

Expression and function of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins in rat brain after cerebral ischemia / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the temporal and spatial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Ang) in rat brain after cerebral ischemia, and to elucidate the roles they played in angiogenesis and vascular permeability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were subjected to either middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham operation. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2 at different time points after ischemia. CD31 was used to label endothelial cells after MCAO. Vascular permeability was determined by Evans blue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>VEGF was markedly increased at 2 h, had an initial peak at 12 h (0.7249 ± 0.1933, P < 0.01), and a second peak at 7 days (0.5264 ± 0.1519, P < 0.01). Ang-2 mRNA and protein significantly increased after MCAO, both of them peaked at 12 h (0.6747 ± 0.2416, P < 0.01; 1.1197 ± 0.1780, P < 0.01). In contrast, Ang-1 mRNA and protein gradually decreased after MCAO, respectively reaching a minimum at 3 d (0.3220 ± 0.1427, P < 0.01) and 1 d (0.1298 ± 0.0293, P < 0.01). Changes in the expression of these factors correlated with the progress of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Evans blue test revealed that the vascular permeability gradually increased, and peaked at day 1 after ischemia [(6.219 ± 0.887) µg/g, P < 0.01].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dynamic temporal changes in VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression stimulate the cerebral angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia.</p>

Association of CT image changes and prognosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumor after targeted therapy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between CT image changes and the prognosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) after targeted therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 35 patients with GIST were treated by imatinib mesylate from April 2003 to June 2008. The longest diameter (LD) and mean enhanced CT values (HU) of tumors were measured on axial images. The CT classifying (number, location, liver metastasis, hemorrhage,cystic degeneration) and quantitative indices (pre- and 2-6 months post-treatment LD, HU, and their change rate) were compared between those with and without progress in two years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During follow-up (median:285 months) 13 cases had tumor progress. The progress rate was higher in the group with extensive tumor involvement (> or = 5 lesions and > or = 2 parts), and that without hemorrhage demonstrated. The mean change rate was -14.29% (range, -67%, 11%) for LD and -12.25% (range, -55%, 39%) for HU in non-progressive group, while the mean change rate was 15.09%(range, -45%, 191%) for LD and 9.91% (-27%, 135%) for HU in progressive group. The differences were significantly different (P<0.01). The accuracies of predicting 2-year progress by LD and HU change rates were moderate, with area under ROC curve being 0.790 and 0.797, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The 2-year progress rate of GIST after targeted therapy is higher in extensively involved tumors. Higher decrease rates of LD and HU predict less 2-year progress, which possess moderate prediction accuracy and can be used as valuable indicators in the evaluation of targeted therapy for GIST.</p>

Expression of thrombin and its associated protein in cerebellum of human and rat after intracerebral hemorrhage / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can cause brain damage through a number of pathways. The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of thrombin, protease nexin-1 (PN-1) and protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) in rat and human cerebellum after ICH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A model of ICH was produced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by direct injection of autologous blood (50 microl) into caudate nucleus. Patients with injured hemorrhage were also enrolled in this study. Different expressions of thrombin, PAR-1, PN-1 were detected in rat and human cerebellum by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In rat cerebellum, thrombin protein significantly increased at 6 hours and reached the maximum 2 days after ICH. The expression of PAR-1 protein reached the maximum at 24 - 48 hours, and then began to decrease. The expression of PN-1 protein reached the maximum at 3 hours, decreased somewhat after that and increased a little at 5 days after ICH. While in human cerebellum, the changing tendency of thrombin, PAR-1 and PN-1 was almost conform to the rat.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In cerebellum, thrombin can activate PAR-1 expression after ICH, and PN-1 appears quickly after ICH in order to control the deleterious effect of thrombin.</p>

Mesenchymal stem cells exist in the compact bones from four species of mammals / 中国实验血液学杂志

The biological properties of cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been intensively investigated, while there is still a paucity of information about the definite in vivo sites that harbor these stem cells due to the lack of specific surface markers. Previous data have demonstrated that human and murine MSC can be isolated from the compact bones. To investigate if it is the case for other species, the femurs from Wistar rats, Beagles, C57 mice and New Zealand rabbits were collected, minced and digested with collagenase type I. The digested bone fragments were seeded into the medium for human bone marrow culture after removal of the suspended cells in the digestion. The results showed that the fibroblast-like cells were observed to migrate from the bone fragments after several days of culture, and they gradually formed an adherent confluent layer. The adherent cells could be passaged and expressed homogenously the mesenchymal cell marker vimentin. Differentiation assays showed that these cells had the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. In conclusion, the results here provide new information for the further investigations on the in vivo biological features of MSC in the context of the simplicity of the compact bone structure.

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) is a rare thyroid neoplasm, which shares some histologic features with thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC). Clinically, it is frequently misdiagnosed as papillary carcinoma, even for some experienced pathologists. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HTT is variant of TPC or HTT is an independent entity of thyroid neoplasm.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of CK19, galectin-3, HBME-1 and MIB-1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining in 12 cases of hyalinizing trabecular tumor and 20 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two of the 12 HTT samples were positive or focally positive for CK19. Four of the 12 samples of HTT presented positive to galectin-3; 3 were stained strongly and the other one was focally positive. None of the 12 samples of HTT was positive for HBME-1. Five in 12 HTT samples were stained in nucleus for MIB-1. Almost all the 20 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma were intensely stained for CK19, galectin-3 and HBME-1. Fifteen in 20 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma showed nuclear staining for MIB-1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HTT is an independent thyroid neoplasm, not a variant of TPC. This study could help in the differential diagnosis of HTT from TPC. CK19, galectin-3 and HBME-1 are adequate to identify HTT and TPC, but MIB-1 does not play an important role in discrimination between HTT and TPC.</p>

Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a case report with clinicopathological and human papilloma virus analyses / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To further understand the clinicopathological, ultrastructural and molecular features of penile pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma (PASCC), and improve its diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 47-year-old male patient with penile PASCC was reported and the relevant literature reviewed. The main clinical manifestations of the patient were a typical surface ulceration with hemorrhage and purulent secretion with a foul smell, a papillary mass about 5.0 cm x 5.0 cm x 4.0 cm for 1 year on the foreskin of the penis, and 3 enlarged bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. CT scanning showed no enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen and pelvis, and X-ray examination revealed no abnormality in the chest.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diagnosis was established by biopsy. Partial penectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy (T2N2M0) were performed, followed by adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy. Two months later, total penectomy was necessitated by penile flap necrosis and local recurrence. Eleven months after the first surgery, the patient died of extensive metastasis to the pelvis and lungs. Under the light microsope, the tumor was mainly composed of vessel-like lacunar reticularis spindle cells and a few local squamous cancer cells. Careful examination revealed some focal areas with evident transition from squamous nests to the more acantholytic areas extending towards the pseudoangiosarcomatous spaces. Pathogenetically, it appeared to be the variant of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, most tumor cells were strongly positive for keratin (AE1/AE3) and focally positive for EMA, with the typical squamous cells focally positive for 34betaE12 and vimentin. The vessels that proliferated in the tumor were decorated by CD31, CD34 and factor VIII-related antigens, but the tumor cells were negative for HMB45, SMA, Desmin and CEA. HPV DNA (HPVpan, HPV6B/11, HPV16/18, HPV31/33) was not detected by in situ hybridization in the primary and metastatic tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PASCC is a specific and extremely rare subtype of penile SCC with dramatic similarity to angiosarcoma under the microscope, with poor prognosis. Its diagnosis depends on histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Such a presentation underscores the importance of timely consultation, early diagnosis and prompt treatment.</p>

Overexpression, purification of recombinant HIV-1 gp41 protein and detection of HIV antibody in urine / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a specific and sensitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit for detection of HIV-1 antibody in urine using Escherichia coli expression products as coating antigen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The truncated HIV-1 gp41 gene fragment of major antigenic epitopes was inserted into the plasmid pET22b to obtain expression plasmid pET22b-mgp41. The recombinant antigen was expressed in BL21 (DE3) strains of Escherichia coli and was purified by immobilized metal chelation and gel filtration chromatography. Using this antigen as coating antigen, a HIV-1 urine antibody ELISA kit was developed. In order to examine the clinical utility of the kit, 5437 urine samples were assayed, which consisted of 641 urine samples from HIV infected patients and 4796 samples from normal subjects. Results The purity of purified antigen is up to 95%. Anti-HIV antibodies were detected in all the urine samples from HIV infected patients, and the diagnostic sensitivity for HIV-1 infection was 100%. In healthy control group, 71 cases showed false positive, the specificity was 98.52%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The HIV-1 urine antibody kit can be used in screening and diagnosing for HIV-1 infection.</p>

Myocardial involvement in 2494 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and related pathogenetic factors in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with myocardial involvement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinic data and myocardial involvements were analyzed in 2494 SLE patients who admitted to our hospital from 1997 to 2007.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Myocardial involvements were seen in 13 out of 2494 SLE patients (0.52%). Dyspnea of various degrees and left ventricular systolic dysfunction are frequently found in these patients with myocardial involvements. Glucocorticoid therapy significantly increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, 37.7% +/- 5.8% vs. 40.9% +/- 7.1%, P = 0.002). Significant associations were found between anti-rRNP antibody and LVEF (r = 0.843, P = 0.001) as well as between cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (r = 0.656, P = 0.036).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Myocardium is rarely affected in patients with SLE in this cohort. Echocardiography is a valuable method for detecting cardiac abnormalities in patients with SLE. Glucocorticoid therapy could improve cardiac function in SLE patients with cardiac involvement and serological factors are related to cardiac functions.</p>

Anatomic study of the medial pedis composite flaps with saphenous nerve and tendon and its application / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anatomy of the medial pedis composite flaps with saphenous nerve and tendon and its application in the repair of tendo calcaneus and adjacent defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>10 cadavers (20 sides) were observed. The origin, course, size and the distribution of the medial plantar artery were studied. 12 cases with tendo calcaneus and adjacent defects were reconstructed with the medial pedis composite flaps with saphenous nerve. Donor site defects were covered with free skin graft.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The medial plantar artery gives off deep branch [diameter (1.5 +/- 0.3) mm] and superficial branch [diameter (1.0 +/- 0.2) mm]. In 18 sides, the deep branches give off the medial branches and lateral branches. While in 2 sides, the superficial branches give off the medial branches and lateral branches with no big branches from the deep branches. There are branches of saphenous nerve and medial dorsal cutaneous nerve in the flap. All the flaps were survived. 8 cases were followed up for one months to one years. Good color, texture and function of the flaps were achieved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The medial pedis composite flaps with saphenous nerve can repair tendo calcaneus and adjacent defects. It is a easy and safe procedure with reliable anatomy and good results.</p>